Cat Lower Urinary Tract Disease Cat LUTD: Has your cat ever suffered from a disorder of the lower urinary tract? Cats occasionally develop such problems, and the signs include frequent urination, straining to urinate, bloody urine



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Does your Cat Have Lower Urinary Tract Disease?



Has your cat ever suffered from a disorder of the lower urinary tract? Cats occasionally develop such problems, and the signs include frequent urination, straining to urinate, bloody urine, and at times inability to urinate.

In order to recognize and properly treat lower urinary tract diseases (LUTDs), it is helpful to have a conceptual understanding of the structure and function of the urinary tract.

The normal urinary tract of a cat consists of two identical kidneys. Urine formed by the kidneys passes into pliable tiny muscular tubes called ureters. The ureter from each kidney is connected to the urinary bladder. The bladder is like a balloon. Rhythmic one-directional contractions of the ureter walls transport urine formed by the kidneys into the bladder for temporary storage.

Urine contained in the urinary bladder can be voided out of the cat's body through a tube larger than the ureters. This cylindrical muscular tube is called the urethra. Urine is normally retained in the bladder primarily by resistance in the urethra caused by muscular tone. When the bladder becomes filled with urine, however, the muscular wall of the bladder contracts while the muscles in the urethral wall relax. The result is complete ejection of urine stored in the bladder.

What are the clinical signs of diseases of the bladder and urethra (or LUTDs)? They include difficult urination, bloody urine, crystals in urine, and urethral obstruction that causes complete inability to move urine from the bladder through the urethra to the outside. These signs may have different causes. Thus, there is a need for evaluation of each cat as an individual to determine the proper form of treatment and prevention. Possible causes of LUTDs include urinary stones, bacterial and viral infections, birth defects, trauma, tumors, and neuromuscular diseases. In more than 50 per cent of cats, it may not be possible to determine the underlying cause(s).

To determine the underlying cause of LUTDs, the veterinarian examines your cat, takes a medical history, and also performs urinalyses (tests on the urine) on urine samples that have not been altered by previous treatment. X-ray and ultrasound studies may be needed to locate the exact site(s) of the problem and to identify the causes of persistent or frequently recurring signs. Identifying the site and cause of urethral obstruction is especially important if some form of urethral surgery is being considered. Although a variety of disorders can cause obstruction of the urethra (especially in male cats), no matter what the cause, complete obstruction results in dysfunction of both kidneys that, if not quickly corrected, ultimately causes death. Untreated cats usually die within 3 to 5 days after the onset of obstruction. urethra life threatening? Death results from retention of wastes, especially potassium and metabolic acids, in the bloodstream. However, the retention can be reversed by eliminating the obstruction and by correcting the abnormalities in blood.

How should LUTDs be managed? Specific treatment of LUTDs should be directed at the underlying causes, only some of which are currently known. Of course, detecting known causes calls for appropriate evaluation and diagnosis. In the case of a cat with urethral obstruction, the treatment depends on the cause, site, degree, and duration of the obstruction.

To treat a bacterial infection, a veterinarian should prescribe appropriate antibiotics and eliminate or control problems in the normal body defense system. For cases of urinary stones, either medical dissolution protocols or surgical procedures may be considered. associated with identifiable causes remains a puzzle. Fortunately, the signs of many cats with this form of LUTD usually subside on their own. Unfortunately, the signs are unpredictably recurrent. Because specific therapy is unavailable, veterinarians often recommend therapy to treat the symptoms.

When evaluating the success of various treatments, we must be careful. Many disorders in humans and animals are self-limiting, meaning that our bodies' defense systems eliminate the diseases. Examples of self-limiting human diseases include the common cold and many gastrointestinal problems involving vomiting and diarrhea. In these cases, a treatment may seem beneficial as long as it is not harmful. A similar situation occurs in some cats with LUTDs. regarding the benefit or lack of benefit of any treatment trial will be valuable after you closely observe your cat. Remember, there is no "cure." Also remember that inability of a cat to urinate is a medical emergency that requires immediate veterinary attention.

The above is general veterinary information. Do not begin any course of treatment without consulting your regular veterinarian. All animals should be examined at least once every 12 months.

About the author: From the Textbook of Veterinary Internal Information: Client Information Series. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.

Linda Mar Veterinary Hospital and its cat-only affiliate, Coastal Cat Clinic, are small animal practices located in Pacifica, California. To find a veterinarian or to learn more about the vet clinic and our staff, visit:[http://lindamarvet.com/]


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Homemade Kitten Food

Do you need a cheap, healthy alternative to store bought kitten food to help wean your kittens off their mother's milk and transition them to traditional canned kitten food? More than likely, they have shown little interest in regular canned food, preferring the milk to anything you might put in their bowl. Dry food will also be too hard on their developing teeth. The best option would be to start them on a food that reminds them of what they prefer, but can be mixed with traditional wet food to help transition them over. This recipe is simple to make, and kittens find it delicious.

Bring 1 1/2 cups of water to a boil, then remove the pan from the heat and mix in one envelope of unflavored gelatin. Be sure to mix thoroughly, and do not boil the gelatin. If the water tastes bad or has a heavy chlorine taste when it comes out of the tap, consider using filtered water instead.

Pour this mixture into a blender along with half of a 12 ounce can of goat's milk. Blend just long enough to combine thoroughly. Do not substitute cow's milk because cats tend to be lactose intolerant. Using cow's milk can lead to discomfort, diarrhea, and worse if fed to kittens.

Add the following ingredients one at a time. After each addition, blend briefly to combine before moving on to the next. You will want to use the lowest setting to avoid overmixing. Add: 3 tbsp full fat yogurt, 3 tbsp real mayonnaise, 3 tsp light corn syrup, and 1 raw egg yolk. Concerning the egg yolk, raw eggs carry a small risk of salmonella poisoning. To eliminate any risk of accidentally passing this on to your kittens, use eggs that have been pasteurized in their shells.

You can serve the completed homemade kitten food the way it is, or you can store it for use later. To store for later usage, cover the mixture tightly in a small container. You can store it in the refrigerator for up to ten days or in your freezer for up to three months.

If you are going to use food that you have prepared in advance, you will want to warm it up before serving, especially if it is coming from the refrigerator or freezer. Cold food causes severe stomach upset in kittens. Warming it up will also make it more aromatic, and thus more appetizing to the kittens.

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newbornkittens.net
Visit the author's website, http://newbornkittens.net to learn more about newborn kittens, as well as their raising and care

Owning a Cat - How it Benefits Your Child

If your child misses a lot of school due to illness, maybe you should get a cat. Research has shown that children who own pets attend school up to 9 more days a year than their non pet-owning counterparts. The immune function of pet owners is more stable, making them better able to fend off illness. Pet owners visit doctors less.

But what about allergies? Isn't cat hair is a common source of irritation to immune systems? A leading theory under investigation by asthma researchers suggests that the presence of pets in the home from an early age may adapt the immune system so it is less sensitive to allergens later in life. So it may in fact be the lack of pets in a child's life that contributes to asthma sensitivities.

Studies have also connected pet ownership with lower blood pressure and reduced anxiety levels. In fact, a recent long-term study has shown that people who have never owned a cat, face a 40% greater risk of death due to heart attack than current and even previous cat owners. Dog owners did not have the same level of protection against heart disease as cat owners.

State University of New York researchers found that the cat doesn't even have to be present to achieve this. A group of stockbrokers with hypertension who owned pets showed lower blood pressure even when not with their cats.

It is well known that cat owners have lower stress levels overall, so perhaps the health advantages are a result of being more relaxed.

Cat ownership may be a surprising remedy for absenteeism, however, good health and more days at school are just two of the many benefits to children of having a cat in their lives. Studies have associated numerous psychological benefits with pet ownership.

Children who live with cats show more empathy for others and help others more. This translates to being able to understand others and get along better. Children who live with animals develop a better understanding of body language and other non-verbal cues. A study of 455 school children between the ages of 11 and 16 revealed that children with pets had a better ability to understand non-verbal communications. As a result, these children are more popular with classmates than those who don't have pets at home.

Additionally, children who own pets are more likely to be involved in sports, hobbies, clubs and other social activities. Some studies even show that children who own cats have a higher IQ.

Children with pets learn develop an early sense of responsibility. The responsibility of owning a pet can give children the experience of being needed and this may translate into other areas of life. Cats are relatively easy to care for, as they clean themselves and don't need to be walked.

Social skills and responsibility make a great foundation for life. A US study of 394 university students revealed that those who had owned dogs or cats as childhood pets were more self-confident than those who did not. This may be related to other findings that children raised with pets have higher self-esteem, thought to result from the unconditional love a pet provides. No matter what's going on at school, or with friends, pets treat children the same way.

It seems obvious to say then, that pets hold an important place in many children's lives, often on a par with parents, grandparents and siblings. Children often talk to their pets and regard them as an important friends and confidantes. A five-year study of 600 children aged 3-18 years showed that pet-owning children who have challenges such as being slow learners or having divorced parents cope better with life than those who don't have a pet. Again, having a pet that shows unconditional love regardless of what is happening, can cushion other difficulties in life.

It's not surprising that pets have been used successfully in therapy for some time now. They help sick kids relax and take their minds off their illnesses. Some doctors, recognizing the importance of pets in children's lives ensure that pet names are included in their patients' medical records along with other family members. Even in the most depressing clinical environment, talking about a pet can lighten a situation.

If you already have cat members of your family, know that they are doing your children the world of good. If you don't, it's worth serious consideration.

About the Author
Jenny
Jenny is a cat lover and webmaster of Pictures of Cats You are welcome to reproduce this article on your pet or family related web site, as long as you reproduce the article in full, including this resource box and link to her website featuring photo and video galleries of beautiful cats.



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Important Cat Litter Box Health Concerns

Cats are the most popular pets in the United States. According to the latest version of the U.S. Pet Ownership & Demographics Sourcebook (2002 Edition) there were almost 70 Million pet cats in the United States. Why are cats so popular? There are as many answers to this question as there are cat owners, but the low health risks cats pose to their owners is certainly near the top of this list. Even though the potential health risks cats pose to people are small, it is important that cat owners are aware of these risks and understand how to reduce them.

The majority of all risks stemming from cat ownership are associated with the cat litter box and/or cat feces. There are two categories of risks. The first category contains health risks posed by bacteria and parasites to both cat owners and their cats. The second category contains injuries resulting from an automatic litter box or self cleaning litter box.

Primarily the health problems experienced by cat owners or their cats come from the first category and the most significant of these risks is called Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by a tiny parasite called Toxoplasma gondii which can be found in raw or undercooked meat, unwashed fruits and vegetables, dirty cat litter boxes and outdoor soil where cat feces can be found. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than 60 million people in the United States may be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite(1). Fortunately, very few people ever experience any symptoms because a healthy person's immune system usually keeps the parasite from causing illness. However, pregnant women and individuals who have compromised immune systems, such as individuals infected with the HIV virus, are at risk and should take precautions to avoid being infected by the parasite. For people in this group a Toxoplasma infection could cause serious health problems to the individual or to a pregnant woman’s unborn child.

Again, most of the 60 million plus American’s infected with Toxoplasmosis parasite will never experience any symptoms. Most of those who do experience symptoms will simply think they have the Flu as the most common symptoms include swollen glands, fever, headache, muscle pain, or a stiff neck. For those in the high risk group, Toxoplasmosis can cause damage to the brain, eyes and internal organs. According to the US Food and Drug Administration, children born with Toxoplasma gondii can suffer from hearing loss, mental retardation, and blindness with some children developing brain or eye problems years after birth(2). The CDC estimates that 400-4000 fetuses are infected with the Toxoplasma gondii parasite each year and as many as 80 infants die from Toxoplasmosis annually (2).

So how does an individual contract Toxoplasmosis? A Toxoplasmosis infection is caused by ingesting the Toxoplasma gondi parasite. Most cat owners are infected with the parasite by accidentally ingesting infected cat feces. This happens when a person touches their mouth after handling a cat litter box, working in a garden or sand box or touching anything that has come in contact with cat feces
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Multi-Vitamin for Cats

Many pet owners wish to provide their animals with the best health possible by giving them a multi-vitamin for cats. Cats require a certain careful balance of vitamins and minerals as well as other nutrients in order to function at their best. By ingesting the proper combination of these vitamins, your cat will remain healthy and strong and is more likely to enjoy a long, happy, and illness free life.

The exact vitamins which your cat will need are slightly different from the vitamins which you may see in a human multi-vitamin supplement, however, so it's a good idea to familiarize yourself with the basics of feline nutrition before you purchase anything.

Benefits of Multi-Vitamins for Cats
Ideally, a good cat food will provide your pet with all of the different vitamins and nutrients that he needs. However, there are a number of reasons why he may still require a vitamin supplement as well. First, many cat foods do not provide the highest quality nutrients as a result of lower quality ingredients in the food. Second, sitting on the shelf for weeks or even longer can mean that the vitamins and nutrients which are naturally in cat food are reduced in quantity, thereby not giving your cat the nutrition he requires. For this reason, multi-vitamins are a good supplement to help your cat overall.

Components of a Cat Good Multi-Vitamin Cats require certain enzymes and amino acids that can only be found in meat sources. For this reason, cats that do not eat meat will not be healthy and, ultimately, will not survive. Thus, many of the multi-vitamin supplements that are available for cats focus on some of these types of nutrients which are usually found in meat sources. These include:
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Shock in Cats

Shock in cats is not only one of most horrifying situations you will ever face as an owner, it is also a life threatening situation. Any situation or condition that affects your cat's heart, their blood vessels, or their blood volume can cause this potential killer in your cat. It can affect perfectly healthy cats, weak cats, and cats of any age as it does not discriminate.

The actual causes of shock include blood loss, dehydration, heat stroke, blood infections, as well as some types of poisoning. There are also several types of shock, but by far and away there are two forms that affect the vast majority of cats. Both will have different types of symptoms and if do suspect that your cat has gone into shock, every minute that passes places them in greater danger.

The two most common type of shock in cats include Anaphylactic and Septic shock.

What is shock?
Shock in cats is technically defined as a lack of blood flow to your cats organs and tissues. When this occurs, it deprives both oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and as a result allows waste products to build up in your cats body. Once this occurs, it can cause serious damage to your cat and if it is not treated, it can rapidly take their life. Each type of shock will have a different set of symptoms, but there are signs that will be common with either type.

The major warning signs that you can watch for that your cat is going into shock include a very sudden paling or muddy appearance in their gums, as well as a rapid change in their heat rate. This change may be a very sudden weakening or just the opposite; a very rapid heart rate. If your cat suddenly starts breathing at over forty breaths a minute, they are going into shock.

However, there is one other very common sign; your cat cats temperature will suddenly drop. When your cat starts to go into shock, their rectal temperature will drop below 100 degrees Fahrenheit but taking their temperature is probably the last thing you will think of in this emergency situation. However, if you can, it will confirm it; it you can not, quickly feel both their legs as well as their skin in several places. It shock is occurring; they will feel very cool which as any owner knows is extremely uncommon in cats.
Anaphylactic Shock:
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Cat Blood Types

Cats have A, B and AB (rare) blood types. Most cats in the United States have type A blood - something like 99% of domestic shorthair cats have Type A blood. This ratio varies from country to country. Other cat breeds have a much higher incidence of Type B blood. As the popularity of purebred cats increases it is likely that the ratio of cats with Type B blood will also increase.

There is no "universal donor" blood type in cats - a very small amount of the wrong blood type can kill a cat if is is sensitized to the blood. This can be an issue in some cat breeds. In particular, British Shorthair, Cornish Rex and Devon Rex cats, where the percentage of Type B cats is much higher, perhaps as high as 50%. Other breeds with significant percentages of Type B blood include the Abyssinian, Himalayan, Japanese Bobtail, Persian, Somali and Sphinx breeds. (preceding information from Urs Giger, University of Pennsylvania, Kirk's XI).

If a Type B queen (mother cat) gives birth to Type A kittens, severe reactions can occur in the kittens
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Lab Blood Work Tests for Cats

Cats require blood work tests when they need to diagnosed for different diseases. Blood tests are widely used in veterinary medicine. The results are measured against normal values, which are typically present in healthy pets; these values differ across species. The lab test results may be influenced by certain drugs, so always inform your vet about the medication of your pet prior to blood tests. Prior to certain blood tests, your cat should fast.

Complete Blood Count
The complete blood count is a blood test that is very frequently employed to inform the vet about the amount of different types of cells in the blood flow of the cat.

The red blood cell count as well as the white blood cell count and the hemoglobin are important values to determine the condition of the cat. Red blood cells transport the oxygen to the vital organs, while white cells help fighting infections.

A low red blood cell count can indicate anemia, while a high amount of white blood cells can indicate an infection or a viral disease.

Platelets help the blood to clot. If the platelet count is low the cat may have a destroyed bone marrow or an autoimmune disease.

Hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV) may also measure the red blood cell count.

Commonly Performed Blood Tests There are numerous tests that can be performed on a cat to determine his health condition. Some tests will show how a particular organ functions, while other tests will give a general overview.

The following tests are most commonly performed in felines:
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Persian - the Facts Every Owner of This Cat Breed Should Know

The origins of the Persian cat are murky, at best. Some claim that the Persian is descended from the Sand cat, but this cannot be proven. It is also thought that somehow Angoras were crossbred with Chinese longhairs or Russian Longhairs, but again, this is uncertain. There is also the suggestion that longhairs came to China as a gift from the king of Persian but there is no proof of this. What is known is that Perisans were recognized as their own distinct breed by the 19th century and came to America at around the same time. This longhaired cat comes in a wide variety of colors that is very thick, making it prone to matting.

A Persians coat is so thick the hair looks as if it is standing on its end. Regular grooming is an absolute must to avoid this problem including regular brushing and bathing. Any matting that is not attended to may result in uncomfortable skin infections.

Described as a sweet cat, Persians are not particularly active. Though they do enjoy running and playing, they will spend a fair portion of the day sleeping.
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Siamese Cat Characteristics Info And Health Problems Guide

Siamese cats are renowned for their distinct coloring and blue eyes. Its refined coloring and poise appealed to many, and it was at its height of popularity in the 1950s. It is still a well-loved breed today, however, less attention is paid to it today compared to its heyday.

Just about everyone, whether a cat fancier or not has heard and recognizes a Siamese cat. This is partially due to their popularity in the mystery film genre. People think that it is their inquisitive personality that makes them a complement to the role of a detective's sidekick.

Appearance - The obvious features of the breed are its long oblong body, slim legs, elegant tail, a wedged head, large years and its famous almond blue eyes. The Siamese breed is a shorthaired cat and is available in several different colors and patterns such as Seal Point, Chocolate Point, Blue Point, or Lilac Point. Should there be different coloring, it is actually seen as a totally distinct breed; the Colorpoint Shorthair Breed.

Behavior and Characteristics - The Siamese breed is a loving, playful, affectionate cat and requires owners who are home more often than not to keep them company. Siamese cats that are bored or lonely tend to find plenty of mischief to get into as well as possibly plotting an escape route to the outside world.
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Grooming Tips for Preventing Matted Cat Hair

Matted cat hair is entangled hair that ends up in tight knots. Long haired breeds are more susceptible to the condition than other pets. Cat hair is divided into three categories as each type of hair performs a certain role. The types of cat hair include awn hair, down hair and guard hair. The various function of cat hair involves protection from environmental contaminants, heat and cold. The uppermost layer of cat hair also determines the color of individual pets.

Cat Hair Conditions
Cats shed their fur during specific periods. However, fur loss that's caused due to skin conditions such as alopecia, dermatitis or skin allergy needs medical treatment. Although cats routinely groom themselves to maintain their fur coats, pets also develop conditions such as cat hairball due to the ingestion of hair during routine grooming. Pet owners should thus groom the cat with a brush to avoid excessive self-grooming and cat hairballs. Cats that appear sick or lethargic may avoid their routine grooming which in turn leads to matted hair. Thick knots are difficult to detangle with a comb and may cause the pet pain, if the mats are located towards sensitive areas of the body.

Tips to Separate Matted Cat Hair
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Cat Hairballs and What to do About Them
Cat hairballs are hair that was not digested, accumulated and coughed out. Cats will either pass hair through their digestive system or the hair will build up in their bodies causing the retching and heaving required to get rid of it. Cat hairballs are masses of fur that form in your cat’s stomach. They are one of the most common health problems of cats.

House Cat Training: Dealing With Furniture Scratching
Does your cat scratches your favorite beautiful furniture? Well, scratch is part of your cats life. Your Cat's instict commands the pet to scratch in order to be comfortable and feel good. Is there any house cat training method to prevent or reduce scratching?



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Honey Baked Bean Recipe
Howdy, Rick Sutherland here to tell you about a honey baked bean recipe that I created in my kitchen.

Recipes for Festive Yam Souffle and Winter Apricot Compote
As we head into Fall, our thoughts turn to entertaining. It won't be long until Thanksgiving rolls around and a month after that it is Christmas. As Americans, our holiday traditions seem to center around good meals with family and friends. Whether it is up to you to host the festivities or just to take a dish to a friend or relatives house, here are a couple of old-fashion recipes from my vintage recipe collection. Both are great for holiday entertaining or just good sit-down family meals

Shrimp Cheesecake
Time after time I wondered about making this particular cheesecake; will it be good or will it be a fly by night idea? After all, who ever heard of putting shrimp into cheesecake? Well it turned out to be a fantastic idea and you just can't believe how good it really is..

Recipes for Poulet Aux Peaches and Refrigerator Dinner Rolls
Here is a 1970s recipe for Poulet aux Peaches or poultry with peaches. The Refrigerator Dinner Rolls are an easy to prepare batter that is kept in the refrigerator, making homemade rolls at dinnertime a snap.



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Animal Communicator or Pet Psychic?
When I began my professional Animal Communication practice about 12 years ago, my Guidance clarified my mission: to help others understand that animals are sentient beings, conscious and self aware. This led me to avoid the term psychic because people asked about having a reading. I explain to people that I am not reading their animals, like reading a book or tarot cards or palms. I avoid the term medium because I dont go into trance. I avoid the term pet because it implies that the animals are here in service to us, i.e., to make us happy or serve us in some other way.

Adopting A Cat:
Whether or not to adopt a cat is by no means an easy decision. It carries with it huge responsibility. You will have to take care of a cat until its death, which could be in 15 to 20 years. In addition, you should be ready to spend a large amount of your time feeding the cat, grooming it, and playing with it on a daily basise

Pet Nutrition Basics for Dogs & Cats
Good Nutrition is just as essential for your pet’s health as it is for your own health. Your pet needs a balanced diet to help keep him healthy. Unlike humans, your pet’s daily diet is the same day to day.



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Sex and the neutered cat (Caution: some explicit language)
I have always considered myself to be a fairly knowledgeable person when it comes to pet, cats in particular. I’ve had pets of one sort or another all my life and I majored in pre-vet/biology in college, so I have a background in animals. I even took an animal behavior class from none other than Beatrix Gardner herself-she was the fabulous lady in Reno, Nevada who trained Washo the chimp to use sign language.

Holiday Training Your Cat:
With all the holiday's coming up soon, there is still time to get your cat trained for the holidays. You will want to search out tips on saving the tree and table for the holidays, with your cat around



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